Epidemiology Examples

avian influenza:

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In 1997,the first case of avian influenza virus infecting humans occurred in HongKong. Originally, Avian influenza is flu infection among birds. The infection of humans gave us an alert.People who work with poultry , travellers who go to infected countries, health care workers who come into contact with avian influenza have a higher chance of getting infected than a normal person.

The avian flu virus could survive in the environment for a long time. People could be infected by touching the contaminated surface.What is more,the birds who recover from the disease still can shed the virus for a long period of time.

The cases of human infection of H5N1 has been reported  in many areas across the world.It poses the threat of disease outbreak. We heard reported cases in Africa,Asia,Pacific,Europe and Indonesia and Vietnam.
The disease could cause death among humans, it is horrible!So,we have to pay much attention to this disease.

The symptoms include: cough, diarrhea, difficulty in breathing, fever,headache, malaise and so forth.

Citation : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004522


Hepatitis B:
The irritation and swelling of the liver caused by infection with hepatitis B virus.

Reference: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001324

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In china, the general population are very sensitive for the hepatitis B. Lots of people hold fear for hepatitis B as it can be infectious to humans. Also, the hepatitis B virus is spread widely in China. In average,one of ten Chinese carries this virus.This fact cause the public alienate the hepatitis B patients.And the patients often experience discrimination in many circumstances. For instance, they may be rejected by the employer since they are dangerous to others. People would isolate them to keep safe.
It is true that the hepatitis virus could be transmitted by blood, urine, fluid, saliva, semen and milk. Humans can get infection through sexual transmission, close contact, blood exposure. A positive strategy to prevent hepatitis is to inject the vaccine.
While, we should not isolate or discriminate the hepatitis patients, we must give enough respect and care to them. If we are educated about hepatitis, we will understand how to reduce our risk of infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS):
SARS is a serious form of pneumonia due to SARS virus infection.

Reference: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004460

When I was in high school, I experienced the outbreak of infectious disease--SARS.
Early in the outbreak of SARS cases in China, we did not understand the importance of this disease. As a high school student, I even did not hear any reports about SARS. I knew SARS can be transmitted among humans, and lots of people died of SARS. The Chinese public agency tried to control the outbread, but the effectiveness was not satisfactory. They took actions to keep the travellers from leaving,in order to avoid the virus spreading to other cities. My mom was travelling in another city at that time,she was forced to stay at that city for about two weeks. After a long period of time,the situation eventually improved.
However,until recently,I can still see the report of worldwide SARS cases.I think we need to create more effective weapons to cope with this disease.